| Module Code: SAMM001 |
Module Title: EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL |
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Module Provider: Postgraduate Medical School
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Short Name: PGMSPCM04
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Level: M
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Module Co-ordinator: BALLARD K Dr (PGMS)
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Number of credits: 15
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Number of ECTS credits: 7.5
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| Module Availability |
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Total Hrs
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UniS/MATTU
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Clinical
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Self Directed Study
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150 Hrs
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24 Hrs
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0 Hrs
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126 Hrs
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| Assessment Pattern |
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Components of Assessment
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Method(s)
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Percentage weighting
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Written
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2,500 Word Essay
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100 %
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| Module Overview |
| Over the past decade, there has been an increasing shift towards evidence-based practice, with the costs and benefits of all aspects of health care being taken into consideration. In many ways, this shift has been made easier by the exponential expansion of published literature and the development of databases such as Cochrane and Medline. However, in order to search these databases effectively and to appraise the literature retrieved, a new set of skills is required. Within this module participants will learn the principles of how to carry out a systematic review of literature, how to critically appraise the evidence retrieved from searches, and how to gather evidence of quality by auditing their work. In addition, participants will learn how to incorporate evidence into clinical practice. |
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| Prerequisites/Co-requisites |
None |
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| Module Aims |
Within this module participants will learn the principles of how to carry out a systematic review of literature, how to critically appraise the evidence retrieved from searches, and how to gather evidence of quality by auditing their work. In addition, participants will learn how to incorporate evidence into clinical practice.
By the end of the module students will be able:
- To formulate questions from common problems in clinical practice.
- To carry out advanced searches of databases to look for evidence.
- To understand the principles of systematic review of the literature.
- To retrieve relevant evidence.
- To critically appraise a range of published research.
- To understand the epidemiological concepts of absolute and relative risk.
- To understand the process of implementing change in practice on the basis of evidence.
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| Learning Outcomes |
Subject Knowledge and Understanding about:
The different databases available and the meaning of search terms such as MeSH.
To understand the principles behind systematic reviews.
The types of checklists that can be used to appraise research papers.
The definition of different risk presentations.
The principles underpinning clinical audit and steps of the audit process.
The principles underpinning change management.
Cognitive Skills
Identifying problems within clinical practice and formulating structured questions that can be answered using published evidence.
Evaluating and using different checklists for appraising research.
Critically appraising a range of published research (including randomised control trials, cohort studies, meta-analysis, and qualitative studies).
Assessing clinical work within a quality framework.
Practical Skills
To carry out an advanced literature search.
Use checklists for critically appraising research.
To manage change (based on evidence) in the clinical setting
Key Transferable Skills
Critically appraise and integrate appropriate published work into written assignments.
Argue a case to peers.
Communicate ideas, principles and theories effectively by oral and written means.
Use information technology effectively. |
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| Module Content |
Introduction to evidence-based practice
Formulating questions from clinical problems
Carrying out an advanced literature search (Includes practical session)
The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
How to carry out and evaluate a systematic review
The use of different checklists for appraising literature
Absolute and Relative risk
The audit process
How to critically appraise a paper:
Randomised Controlled Trials
Cohort study
Qualitative study
Applying evidence and managing change based on evidence |
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| Methods of Teaching/Learning |
A combination of lectures, seminars, and practical hands on teaching |
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| Selected Texts/Journals |
This module will be supported by printed notes where necessary. Students will be provided with relevant published papers and have access to the lecture materials and background examples in power point presentations. Further recommended reading includes:
Essential Text
Egger M, Smith GD, Altman DG, eds. (2001) Systematic Reviews in Health Care: Meta-analysis in context.
London
: BMJ Books
Greenhalgh T. (1997) How to read a paper.
London
: BMJ Publishing Group
Green, J. & Britten, N. (1998) Qualitative research and evidence based medicine. British Medical Journal 316:1230-1232
Recommended Text
MSc Advanced Gynaecological Endoscopy
Khan, KS. Kunz, R. Kleijnen, J. Antes, G. (2003) Systematic Reviews to Support Evidence Based Medicine: How to Review and Apply Findings of Healthcare Research. Royal Society of Medicine Press:
London
MSc Primary Care
Ridsdale, L. (1998) Evidence-based Practice in Primary Care.
London
: Churchill Livingstone
Farmer, R. & Lawrenson, R. (2004) Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine. (5th edition)
Oxford
: Blackwell Publishing
Background
Reading
Stevens, A., Abrams, K, Brazier, J. Fitzpatrick, R. Lilford, R. (2001) The Advanced Handbook of Methods in Evidence Based Healthcare Sage:
London
Lockwood, D. Armstrong, M. & Grant, A. Integrating evidence based medicine into routine clinical practice: seven years' experience at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases,
London
. British Medical Journal Oct 2004; 329: 1020 - 1023.
Coomarasamy, A. & Khan, K. What is the evidence that postgraduate teaching in evidence based medicine changes anything? A systematic review. British Medical Journal. 2004;329:1017
Grol, R. & Grimshaw, J From best evidence to best practice: effective implementation of change in patients' care The Lancet Oct 2003; Vol 362; 9391: 1225-1230
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| Last Updated |
24th June 2008 |
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