Components of Assessment	Method(s)	Percentage weighting
Continuous assessment	Report/essay	100%

None

• Environmental problems are often by-products of human activities, emerging from particular relations and interactions that occur within human societies. These particular relations determine who uses the environment, who has control over it, and who is excluded from it, which has implications to the task of 'controlling' or 'managing' environmental impacts. The presence of multiple actors, mediums and systems requires us to address the diverse political, social, economic and ecological aspects of specific environmental issues. This module makes special reference to developing countries with the aims of:
• Examining the variety of development trajectories across the developing world, with a focus on divergent environmental problems and possible solutions;
• Examining the debate regarding economic growth, poverty, population, consumption, and gender, and their relationship to environmental quality.
• Exploring the global economic context within which 'development' takes place, with a focus on the environmental implications of trade, investment, international lending institutions and debt.
• Critically reviewing the tools and strategies available to help circumvent ecological constraints.

Upon successful completion of the module, students will be able to:

•  Enhanced perception of environmental change and environmental degradation.
• Understand the institutional and organisational dimensions of environmental management.
• Understand the specific environmental problems in various sectors.
• To go beyond conventional understanding of environmental concerns

• Historical trajectory of the environment-development discourse
• Development, economic growth and the environmen
• Trade, investment and lending in relation to environmental degradati (or protection)
• The Role of local knowledge
• Gender, environment and development
• Prospects for ecological agriculture and food security issues.
• Industrialisation and urbanisation and associated environmental issues
• Sustainable livelihoods framework: a tool for sustainability?
• Critical review of conventional environmental management tools
• Case studies.

Preparatory reading, lectures, group discussions, exercises, debates, and independent learning.
Total student learning time 150 hours.

Required reading
Adams W, Green Development: Environment & Sustainability in the Third World, Routledge, 2001.
Young O, Global Governance: Drawing Insights from the Environmental Experience, MIT,1997.
Cole K, Economy, Environment, Development and Knowledge, Routledge, 1999.
Middleton M and Okeefe P, Redefining Sustainable Development, Pluto, 2001.
Also a pack of reading material sent before course

Recommended background reading
To be notified by tutor as and when appropriate