Year long

Unit(s) of Assessment	Weighting Towards Module Mark (%)
Unseen examination	70
Autumn Semester Coursework (2 x MCT + assignment)	15
Spring Semester Class Test	15
Qualifying Condition(s)     An overall mark of 40% is required to pass the module.

Internal flows in pipes and through pumps considering effects of fluid friction, momentum and energy losses in fittings. A range of pumps will be described and how they can be matched to system requirements. This will include non-dimensional analysis methods, laminar and turbulent flows and pipe system analysis.

Mechanical and Aero Engineering specific material in fluid mechanics is delivered in the 2^nd semester. 

Knowledge of the external flow around immersed bodies, such as cars and aeroplanes, is important for surface drag and heat transfer calculations. Analysis will be carried out for the simplest external surface, that of a flat plat at zero incidence to the approach flow with zero pressure gradient. Students will also be introduced to compressible flows where fluid density changes become significant, due to the high flow velocities, associated with many aircraft.

Completion of the progress requirements of Level HE1.  Completion of ENG1006 or equivalent.

Upon successful completion of the module, you will  be able to:

• explain the origin of momentum forces in flowing systems and be able to evaluate forces and energy losses

   

• describe the parabolic velocity profile in a pipe in viscous flow and the shape of the velocity profile in turbulent flow

   

• explain the technique of dimensional analysis and be able to apply Buckingham’s Pi Theorem to engineering situations

   

• describe several kinds of pump and how they work

   

• design, or evaluate the performance of, pump and pipework systems

   

• compare the physics behind laminar and turbulent flow over a flat plate and how that affects the velocity profile shape and the shear stress at the plate surface.

   

• explain concepts associated with the integral-type analysis for momentum and thermal boundary layers, and basic heat exchanger analysis for incompressible flow

   

• Contrast the differences between compressible and incompressible fluid flows.

Dr Alan Packwood (7 lectures)   Momentum equation   ·         Impact of jets   ·         Force on a pipe bend   ·         Force on an orifice plate   ·         Energy loss in a sudden expansion   Viscous (laminar flow)   Poiseuille flow in a pipe   Dimensional analysis   Buckingham’s P theorem   Poiseuille flow written in dimensionless form   Scale models (Re, Fr, Ma)   Examples of empirical use (e.g. Cf vs Re and CD vs Re)   Professor Rex Thorpe (7 lectures)   ·         Turbulent flow   ·         Film model and 1/7th power law for time averaged flow in pipes   ·         Friction factors and pressure gradients in pipes (effect of roughness; Moody chart)   ·         Hydrodynamic resistance of sudden expansions, valves, bends, tees etc.   ·         Discussion of flat plates, including variation of shear stress with distance from leading edge. No discussion of integral-momentum equation   ·         Pumps and turbines   ·         Types of pump and turbine   ·         Head/flow rate characteristics (esp. centrifugal pumps)   ·         Pumps in series (includes mention of NPSH) and parallel   ·         Dimensional analysis of pumps (but not vector analysis)   ·         Pump and pipe-work calculations   ·         Balancing pumps against hydrodynamic resistances (but not pipe networks or multi-reservoir problems).   ·         Introduction to boundary layers on a flat plate       Dr Paul Hayden (20 lectures)   1   Boundary layer flow over a flat plate (incompressible)   ·         Reference to continuity and Navier-Stokes equations as exact equations   ·         Momentum integral equation for zero pressure gradient.   ·         Polynomial forms for velocity distributions, boundary conditions   ·         Approximate analyses for boundary layer development   2   Thermal energy integral equation (incompressible):   ·         Polynomial forms for temperature distributions, boundary conditions   ·         Approximate analyses for heat transfer.   ·         Parallel and counter-flow heat exchangers, log mean temperature difference.   3   Compressible inviscid flow   ·         General description of sub and supersonic flow   ·         Bernoulli's momentum equation, stagnation pressure, energy and stagnation temperature.   ·         Isentropic flow in convergent and divergent ducts, and choking.   ·         Qualitative description of over and under-expansion, and shock waves