Autumn

Components of Assessment	Method(s)	Percentage Weighting
Lectures	Examination	100%

EE2.tel or module in analog communications

The course is a mix of analysis and synthesis. The aim is to show by argument, mathematical analysis, and block diagrams, how information can be represented and transmitted in a digital domain. Included is coverage of current source coding standards, means of protection against noise and modulation / demodulation for radio or satellite transmission.

Students who have taken this module should:

• gain knowledge of current practice and likely future developments,
• be able to assess source coding, error control and modulation schemes against a variety of practical criteria such as efficiency, performance and complexity 
• be able to understand new developments as they arise.

SOURCE CODING (10 hours) (AMK/SW)


1. Introduction to source coding – Why source coding?, speech and image/video, redundancy in signals etc.

[2-3] Quantisation - Scalar, Vector.

4. Prediction – Short-term , Long-term (used in speech only).

5. Redundancy removal - speech inverse filtering, motion compensation for video.

6. Time and Frequency domain speech coding - CELP coding Principles.

7. Transform coding of image/video.

8. Entropy coding of image/video.

9. Standards – JPEG, MPEG I, II, IV, H.261.


10. Future Research areas - in speech and image/video coding.


ERROR CONTROL CODING (10 hours) (PS)

[1-3] Introduction – Purposes of error control coding, Information Theory, Coding Systems, Types of Codes, Coding Example, ARQ and FEC, Coding Gain, Bursty Channels, Interleaving, Conclusions for Implementation

[4-6] Convolutional Codes – Simple Encoder, Terminology, State Diagram, Free Distance, Trellis Diagram, Decoding Metrics, Viterbi Decoding, Practical issues, Effects of Decoding Error, Transfer Function, Performance Calculations. Recursive Systematic Convolutional Codes, Parallel Concatenation, Recursive Decoding Approach, Decoding Algorithms, Performance and challenges.

[7-9] Simple Linear Block Codes – Terminology, Linearity, Systematic Form, Encoding through Generator Matrix, Parity Check Matrix, Syndrome, Outline of Decoding Method. Cyclic Block Codes, Generator Polynomial, Encoding by Long Division, Encoding By Shift Registers, Meggitt Decoder. Performance bounds. BCH Codes, Reed Solomon Codes, Applications.

[10] Serial Concatenation – Principles, RS / Convolutional Concatenations, RS / Block Concatenations, Product Codes

MODULATION (10 hours) (MSH)

[1-3] Introduction to digital modulations: baseband signalling formats, noise, power spectral density, Gaussian distributions, ISI and Nyquist filtering, general considerations of digital modulation and demodulation.

[4-6] Phase shift keying – BPSK representations, demodulation requirements, squaring and Costas loop phase recovery, timing
recovery (early-late gate synchronizer), noise performance, spectrum, QPSK, phase ambiguity and differential encoding.

7. FSK – representation, coherent demodulation, non-coherent demodulation, noise performance, spectrum, FFSK.

8. Bandwidth-efficient modulations - MPSK, QAM, Gray Coding, Ungerboeck mapping, noise performance.

[9-10] Spectrally controlled modulation - OQPSK, Pi/4 PSK, MSK, MSK as OQPSK variant, MSK modulator and demodulator, noise performance, spectrum, MSK as FFSK, CPM, trellis representations.

30 lectures, 3 per week

I. A. Glover and P.M. Grant, Digital Communications, 2nd edition, Pearson, 2004,
ISBN 0-13-089399-4 B 

P. Sweeney, Error Control Coding – from theory to practice, Wiley, 2002,
ISBN 0-470-84356-X B

S. Haykin , Communication Systems, 4th edition, Wiley, 2001, ISBN 0-471-17869-1 B

B. Sklar, Digital Communications, 2 edition, Prentice Hall, 2001, ISBN 0-130-84788-7 B

P. Z. Peebles, Probability, Random Variables and Random process. (3rd Ed), McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-112782-8 B

A. Murat Tekalp, Digital video processing / A. Murat Tekalp. - Hemel Hempstead : Prentice-Hall, 1995. – 0131900757 B

11/09/2006